| raw extract of entries in S&S, whether we did it already, skip it because wrong, or else, and annotations of explanation and exploraiton by linguist & ontologist | |||||||||||
| part | status | S&S dictionary | linguist & ontologist | ||||||||
| inxa | ? | no good? | |||||||||
| ingxenye | done | ||||||||||
| isiqephu | done | ||||||||||
| isinqamu | portion | portion….. | example if you break a couple of pages from a larger number of pages. It's not inngxenye, because you have removed it. So it is a scattered part (portion) | ||||||||
| imvama | idiomatic sense | the greater part | |||||||||
| ingqikithi | part | the essential part…… | indeed as our KR08 understandig of essential parthood and also uncludes immutable part. | ||||||||
| ucezu (lwenkulumo) | part | part (of speech) | |||||||||
| isigaba | regions? | section | |||||||||
| indima | part? | share or duty | as in "take part of responsibility". Like he played his part as farther in the responsibility of raising children. It is the expectations associated to the role that are part of the responsibility or duty. | ||||||||
| mina ngokwami | skip | I for my part | no. more like I for myself | ||||||||
| hlanganyela | done | take part | hlanganyela and hlanganyele are more like variants, so either ok | ||||||||
| (kulezi) zindawo | regions | (in these) parts | locative/demonstrative parts of the [some spatial region] | ||||||||
| umphambili | skip | private parts | |||||||||
| -ngathukutheli | skip | take in good part | but isizulu.net says becoming angy. Doesn't make a lot of sense. Not in ehiter dictionary S&S and blue, from ZU->EN and just one google hit as ngathukutheliswa | ||||||||
| ahlukanisa | skip | to separate/tear apart | |||||||||
| hlazula | skip | to separate/tear apart. Old. Dialect? | |||||||||
| ahlukana na- | skip | part from, part with | separate from (like in a divorce) | ||||||||
| lamula | skip | pacify | |||||||||
| isigaba | regions | section | for privinces/districts etc.. Geographical entities/regions | ||||||||
| isigatshana | skip | section | a little section | ||||||||
| isinqamu | portion, see row 5 for explanation | section | like in breaking bread | ||||||||
| isijuqu | part, not section | section | the remainder that stays behind when tearing something off. Has something to do with size as well. Example ilunga yisijuqu semfe. a bunch of ilunga are the subsections of the stem of the sugar cane (imfe), and the top ilunga gets torn off, and the larger remainder of the cane remains. and therefore isijuqu, not ingxenye. | ||||||||
| amangcozu | sections | (btw, can't exist in the singular?). It is a static part. If you are doing something, you're doing it bit by bit. Subtype of involved in??? A sequence of subactivities that are part of the larger activity. Like the activity of typing a word as part of the activity of typing a sentence. | |||||||||
| ukusika | skip | section | verb. 'to cut' | ||||||||
| ukunquma | skip | cutting | verb to cut a sharp object | ||||||||
| portion | |||||||||||
| ibinza | portion | ||||||||||
| ingxenye | part | portion | |||||||||
| isinqamu | portion | ||||||||||
| isabelo | regions | portion | synonym of isigaba | ||||||||
| isigaba | regions | portion | |||||||||
| isigamu | portion | ||||||||||
| isinqumelo | skip | fate | |||||||||
| ifa | skip | inheritance | |||||||||
| ifa elinikezwa indodakazi uma ishada | skip | dowry | lobola | ||||||||
| aba | skip | to share. Is about creating parts, not about relating parts to wholes | |||||||||
| abela | skip | to give | |||||||||
| quantity | |||||||||||
| ubuningi | skip | quantity | large quantities | ||||||||
| ubungako | skip | quantity | hugeness | ||||||||
| ubukhulu | skip | quantity | hugeness | ||||||||
| ingcosana | quantity | small size relatively to a larger quantity | |||||||||
| umjwaphuno | skip | small quantity | |||||||||
| okuningi | oku+ningi: many; much; most; a lot of; lots of, as decomposed by IZ.net. | ||||||||||
| indakandaka | skip | plenty, plenty, plenty | |||||||||
| indimbane | skip | large quantities | (old) | ||||||||
| piece | |||||||||||
| isiqephu | done | ||||||||||
| isijuqu | part | also listed in 'part of' | as it's the part that remains, it's nto the piece | ||||||||
| isihlephu | part | piece broken off, but not clear whether that piece will have a function once broken off | |||||||||
| isichibi | sensu portion | piece of cloth | |||||||||
| ucezu | part | part broken off | but that piece has no further function when it's a piece | ||||||||
| isiqinti | moved to part | piece of land | has some inherent locative aspect, more as a part of a place, rather than piece. Let's move to parts list | ||||||||
| udengezi | part | shard | piece of the broken vase/clay pot, and that piece assumed another function | ||||||||
| iqatha | sensu portion | piece of meat | |||||||||
| ipheshana | skip | piece of paper | |||||||||
| uhlamvu lwemali | skip | piece of money | |||||||||
| indatshana | skip | piece of news | short story, in relation to an anthology | ||||||||
| igamu | skip | piece of music | song, hymn, aria in the blue dictionary. | ||||||||
| isibhamu | skip | firearm | |||||||||
| -hlakazekile | state of being scattered, as a result from breaking or dispersing a whole. Example: handful of confetti, or the pearls from the broken necklace | ||||||||||
| -yimvithimvithi | part | in pieces | imvithimvithi. Example: the pieces when the glass shattered. So the act of creating the parts has happened, and this is about a state of affairs | ||||||||
| -hlakaza | to scatter | ||||||||||
| -vithiza | skip | break to pieces | Is about creating parts, not about relating parts to wholes | ||||||||
| -hlanganisa | skip | ||||||||||
| xhumelela | piece together | ||||||||||
| isigamu | piece chopped off or cut off, anything cut short, according to the blue dictionary. | ||||||||||
| umncunzo | skip | pinch, as noun. More like just as a part of a sentence, like in a pinch of salt, full stop. | from the web https://zu.oxforddictionaries.com/humusha/isingisi-isizulu/touch?xref=1 | ||||||||
| pinch[1] | |||||||||||
| umjwaphuno | skip | small quantity | |||||||||
| umshwaphuluzo | skip | ? | pinch hard, twist right off, according to the blue dictionary | ||||||||
| uthupha | skip | fingertip | |||||||||
| umncwebo kagwayi | skip | a pinch of snuff | -ncweba is a verb meaning 'to pinch off something'. The blue dictionary also has uncwebo as noun for 'pinch' | ||||||||
| yosula | skip | pinch off | |||||||||
| qupha | skip | pinch together | |||||||||
| contain | |||||||||||
| phatha | link to containers | like in mother holding the child in her arms. Always has to do with hand and arms, but they are not completely closed. But if it is in the hand (in the fist) then it is fumbatha | |||||||||
| mumatha | containment | example: 'the mouth contains saliva'. Always has to do with something *in* the mouth. | |||||||||
| qukatha | containment | can be used for both the physical containment (like laptop in bag) and conceptual containment like in 'your story contains lies', a book contains words. | |||||||||
| fumbatha | containment | added. See cell D85. enclosed in the hand/fist | |||||||||
| component | |||||||||||
| ingxenyana | |||||||||||
| -hlangeneyo | |||||||||||
| -xubene na- | |||||||||||
| izingxenye ezakhayo | component parts | ||||||||||
| ingredient | |||||||||||
| isithako | subquantity? Portion? | OK | as what? As in 'butter is an ingredient of cake'? And is it always food-related? Can it be used also for, say, 'solvent is an ingredient of paint'? Is it for human-made substances only, or for any substances, like 'sand is an ingredient of mud'? And does it relate only mass nouns, or does it extend also to objects [like: one apple is an ingredient of an apple pie]? | ||||||||
| umqobelo | portion/piece? | -qoba = cut into small pieces | from the verb -qoba = extended verb -qob + el (APPLICATIVE) -a | ah, but is this then, now as noun, still more of a verb-word (the cuting process) or more of a noun-word (the small pieces)? How would it be used in a sentence? N SC-y-umqobelo PC-N? | |||||||
| member | |||||||||||
| ilungu | member | (of council) | of parliament/community/family/organization/etc = of being part of an institution or group | ||||||||
| ilunga | part | (one of a group) | part of a body/joint = a finger is part of a hand = also take the other senses of 'ilungu' | then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both, but ilunga is somehow 'better'/more precise? | |||||||
| isitho | part | (limb) | Ok = a body part. Can also mean a big leg (singular) izitho (big legs plural) | then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both, but ilunga is somehow 'better'/more precise? | |||||||
| membership | |||||||||||
| ubulunga | skip? | OK. As in Ubulungu bakho bumele buvuselelwe = 'your membership must be renewed' | |||||||||
| ubulungu | skip | No. refers to 'whiteness' | |||||||||
| amalunga | skip? (as we're not doing plurals now) | Ok. Plural of 'ilunga' | |||||||||
| participant | |||||||||||
| umhlanganyeli | ? If Ok = used as in those participarting in an act of assault = -hlanganyela 'to come together to execute something/doing something together' | I don't know if it's ok; this is what my dictionary listed :). So umhlanganyeli is more for, 'x participates in robbery/stabbing/rape/...'?, or, because it's a noun, the umhlanganyeli is the role that the participants play in the assualt (the 'x' in the previous sentence)? | |||||||||
| onesihlandla emsebenzini | I think there is a typo here 1) isihlandla = meaning a term of office = osenesihlandla emsebenzini 'one who has a single term of office 2) onesandla emsebenzini = 'one who has a hand in doing something' | This is what the dictionary listed (double-checked on whether I made a mistake in typing; so if it's a typo, it's theirs). Anyway, if we take the latter correction, then is there a difference semantically in 'having a hand in doing something' and 'particiapting in something'? | |||||||||
| participation | |||||||||||
| ukuhlanganyela | done | ||||||||||
| looking it up in the other direction in the bidirectional dictionary | |||||||||||
| S&S dictionary | notes | linguist | |||||||||
| -nxa (i-, izi-) | portion; side | see also the two other -nxa entries | |||||||||
| -ingxenye (i-, izi-) | one side, one part | generic 'part of' | |||||||||
| -qephu (isi-, izi-) | small piece, section | solid portion | |||||||||
| -nqamu (ideo) | of stopping; of being cut; of cutting in two | ||||||||||
| -vama (im-) | majority | skip | |||||||||
| -ngqikithi (i-) | core; essence | ||||||||||
| -cezu (ideo) | of branching off | ||||||||||
| -gaba (isi-, izi-) | section; group of warriors | ||||||||||
| indima | a role that a participant plays | if it is that, then we can skip it. It was also listed under 'part', though, and there you had an interesting explanation (see row 10) | |||||||||
| -hlanganyela (v) | act together to achieve a common purpose; combine against; come together to achive numerical strength against opponent | ||||||||||
| (kulezi) zindawo | Demonstrative + Plural noun 'places' | that matches the description of the previous exercise (see row 13), but it wasn't in my dictionary | |||||||||
| -juqu (isi-, izi-) | section, piece | ||||||||||
| -ngcozu (ama-) | small bits, fragments | ||||||||||
| -binza (i-, ama-) | small quantity | ||||||||||
| -abelo (is-, iz-) | portion; share; part which one gets as a free gift | ||||||||||
| -gamu (isi-, izi-) | piece cut off | note: um-/imi-: interval (time or distance) | |||||||||
| ingcosana | something small - meagre 'ingcosana labantu' a few people 'ingcosana lethemba' little hope | ||||||||||
| okuningi | - | ||||||||||
| -hlephu (ideo) | of breaking off; chipping | ||||||||||
| -chibi (isi-, izi-) | small pool of water; patch on garment | ||||||||||
| -qinti (isi-, izi-) | small piece of land | ||||||||||
| -dengezi (u-, izi-) | potsherd used for medicinal purposes | ||||||||||
| -qatha (i-, ama-) | small pieces of meat | ||||||||||
| -hlakazekile | - | but see alo -hlakaza | |||||||||
| -yimvithimvithi | - | shreds of something | |||||||||
| -hlakaza (v) | scatter; dismantle; divulge; betray | skip? | |||||||||
| -xhumelela (v) | join; add onto | ||||||||||
| -phatha (v) | hold; handke; control; administer | note: there are many compound forms | |||||||||
| -phatha (um-, imi-) | head with flattened sides; head with shallow top; person with shallo topped head; object with flattened sides; food container of wood or clay with flattened sides | ||||||||||
| -mumatha (v) | hold with mouth | ||||||||||
| -qukatha (v) | contain; include | ||||||||||
| -fumbatha (v) | enclose in the hand; close fist | ||||||||||
| ingxenyana | - | ||||||||||
| -hlangeneyo | - | ||||||||||
| -xubene na- | note: -xubana means become mixed together | ||||||||||
| izingxenye ezakhayo | - | ||||||||||
| -nxa (umu-, imi-) | 'spatial' portion of | ||||||||||
| -hlanganyele (v) | collective participation. note: see also -hlanganyela (v) | ||||||||||
| -akhiwe (v) | build; construct | structural/built constitution [whole to part]. note: passive from akha | |||||||||
| -enziwe (v) | do; make | other' constituteion [whole to part]. note: passive from enza | |||||||||
| -nxa (ama-) | sides of the body | ||||||||||
| -thako (isi-, izi-) | ingredient; essence | ||||||||||
| umqobelo | - | ? See above | still, it's not in the dictionary. There's -qobela 'cut up and mix (as stew)' that comes closes | ||||||||
| -lungu (i-, ama-) | joint; internode; member | ||||||||||
| -lunga (i-, ama-) | part of the body; joint; member of an organisation; black or brown beast with white stripes | ||||||||||
| isitho | |||||||||||
| ubulunga | - | see above | |||||||||
| -lungu (ubu-) | quality of white people; membership | ||||||||||
| amalunga | note: plural of ilunga | ||||||||||
| umhlanganyeli | note: see hlanganyela | ||||||||||
| onesihlandla emsebenzini | note: some compound form | ||||||||||