added more 'shorthand' (category of part, if
you will), and whether, if formalised, it'll need something temporal in the
formalisation, and halfway writing details on column H, whether it has
something to do with how it came about (normally not included in parthood) |
|
isiZulu |
shorthand |
temporal to
define it? |
how part comes
about needed? |
POS |
dictionary item
in English |
linguist &
ontologist notes |
|
|
-hlakaza |
generate
parts? |
+ |
+ |
V |
piece |
to
scatter |
skip??
To make parts is not a relation between P and W |
|
-hlakazekile |
in
parts (was whole) |
+ |
+ |
V |
piece |
state
of being scattered, as a result from breaking or dispersing a whole. Example:
handful of confetti, or the pearls from the broken necklace |
skip??
This is more of a relation *among* parts, cf P related to W |
|
-hlangeneyo |
|
- |
|
V |
component |
|
not
sure what to do with this one |
|
-xubene na- |
stuffs |
may
be + or -? |
+ |
V |
component |
IZ.net:
be blended; be compounded; be mixed together; be fused; be mingled, be
coalesced |
|
|
-yimvithimvithi |
part |
+ |
+ |
|
in
pieces |
imvithimvithi.
Example: the pieces when the glass shattered. So the act of creating the
parts has happened, and this is about a state of affairs |
state
of affairs of the piece w.r.t. the proken whole? |
|
(kulezi) zindawo |
regions |
- |
- |
LOC |
(in
these) parts |
locative/demonstrative
parts of the [some spatial region] |
skip???
I can't see a sentence with it |
|
amangcozu |
involved
in |
- |
- |
N
pl 5 |
sections |
(btw,
can't exist in the singular?). It is a static part. If you are doing
something, you're doing it bit by bit. Subtype of involved in??? A sequence
of subactivities that are part of the larger activity. Like the activity of
typing a word as part of the activity of typing a sentence. |
is
it really different from involved-in (relating process to sub-process)? In
our INLG16 paper, we lumped involved-in tgether with ingxenye |
|
fumbatha |
contain
(hand/fist only) |
- |
- |
V |
contain |
added.
See cell D85. enclosed in the hand/fist |
|
|
hlanganyela |
done
(collective/group participation) |
- |
- |
V |
take
part |
hlanganyela
and hlanganyele are more like variants, so either ok. entry merged with the
infiinitive ukuhlanganyela |
|
|
ibinza |
|
|
|
N
sg |
portion |
|
clarify
what sort of portion |
|
ilunga |
part
(for anatomy) |
- |
- |
N
sg 5 |
member
(one of a group) |
part
of a body/joint = a finger is part of a hand = also take the other senses of
'ilungu' |
then
why not ingxenye here? Or can be both, but ilunga is somehow 'better'/more
precise? |
|
ilungu |
member
(human organisation, not flocks etc) |
- |
- |
N
sg 5 |
member
(of council) |
of
parliament/community/family/organization/etc = of being part of an
institution or group |
|
|
imvama |
idiomatic
sense |
|
|
N
sg 9 |
the
greater part |
or:
majority, in isizulu.net |
skip.
Because idomatic rahter than ontology |
|
indima |
- |
- |
|
N
sg |
share
or duty |
as
in "take part of responsibility". Like he played his part as
farther in the responsibility of raising children. It is the expectations
associated to the role that are part of the responsibility or duty. |
skip,
because this does not refer to the part, but to expectations, which is
anotehr thing |
|
ingcosana |
stuffs |
may
be + or -? |
- |
N
sg 9 |
quantity |
isizulu.net:
bit; little; small quantity |
can
the small quantity stand on its own or is it in relation to a larger amount? |
|
ingqikithi |
essential
and immutable part |
+ |
- |
N
sg |
the
essential part…… |
indeed
as our KR08 understandig of essential parthood and also includes immutable
part. |
|
|
ingxenye |
done |
- |
- |
N
sg 9 |
part |
part,
but is also listed under portion in the dictionary. merged ingxenyana with it |
|
|
iqatha |
scattered
portion (meat only) |
+ |
- |
N
sg 5 |
piece
of meat |
(or
chunk or lump, according to IZ.net) |
temporal
because it must come from a larger piece of meat |
|
isabelo |
regions |
may
be + or -? |
|
N
sg 7 |
portion |
synonym
of isigaba. IZ.net: allocation; grant; portion; quota; share |
there
are all sorts of different things here. Needs clarification |
|
isichibi |
scattered
portion (cloth only) |
+ |
- |
N
sg 7? |
piece
of cloth |
|
|
|
isigaba |
located
in (regions sensu geographic entities) |
- |
- |
N
sg 7 |
section |
for
privinces/districts etc.. Geographical entities/regions. listed for portion
and seciton, 3 times. Merged here. see also
https://isizulu.net/?isigaba for more approximations |
what
about those broader meanings beyond geography? |
|
isigamu |
scattered
portion |
+ |
+ |
N
sg 7? |
portion,
piece |
piece
chopped off or cut off, anything cut short, according to the blue dictionary.
listed for piece and portion. Merged here. Not in IZ.net |
|
|
isihlephu |
?scattered
portion or scattered part? |
? |
maybe
+? |
N
sg 7 |
piece |
piece
broken off, but not clear whether that piece will have a function once broken
off. IZ.net: fragment; piece; portion |
the
piece is a self-contained thingie, like, say, the ear of a cup, the seating
of a chair? Or could alos be just a chip of the cup (the piece does not have
'identity' as a thing of itself) |
|
isijuqu |
part |
+ |
+ |
N
sg 7? |
part,
piece |
also
listed in 'part of'. as it's the part that remains, it's not the piece. the
remainder that stays behind when tearing something off. Has something to do
with size as well. Example ilunga yisijuqu semfe. a bunch of ilunga are the
subsections of the stem of the sugar cane (imfe), and the top ilunga gets
torn off, and the larger remainder of the cane remains. and therefore
isijuqu, not ingxenye. listed twice. Is part, not section |
so,
the 'torn off part of' was part of the whole? Traditionally, parthood does
not consider *how* the parts come about, though. |
|
isinqamu |
scattered
portion |
+ |
+ |
N
sg 7? |
portion….. |
example
if you break a couple of pages from a larger number of pages. It's not
ingxenye, because you have removed it. like in breaking bread. So it is a
scattered part (portion). was listed 3 times, with portion mianly, merged
here. |
|
|
isiqephu |
done.
Portion of solid objects |
- |
- |
N
sg 7 |
part,
piece |
was
listed twice, under part and under piece |
chapter;episode;seciton
in IZ.net |
|
isiqinti |
moved
to part |
- |
|
N
sg 7 |
piece
of land |
has
some inherent locative aspect, more as a part of a place, rather than piece.
Let's move to parts list |
how
does it related to the whole? |
|
isithako |
subquantity?
Portion? |
may
be + or -? |
|
N
sg 7 |
ingredient,
subquantity |
"OK"
as what? As in 'butter is an ingredient of cake'? And is it always
food-related? Can it be used also for, say, 'solvent is an ingredient of
paint'? Is it for human-made substances only, or for any substances, like
'sand is an ingredient of mud'? And does it relate only mass nouns, or does
it extend also to objects [like: one apple is an ingredient of an apple pie]?
also: supposedly 'prescription' https://isizulu.net/?isithako |
same
questions still, see cell G30 |
|
isitho |
part
(body parts) |
- |
|
N
sg 7 |
member |
(limb).
Ok = a body part. Can also mean a big leg (singular) izitho (big legs plural) |
then
why not ingxenye here? Or can be both,? Nad what about ilunga which one is
somehow 'better'/more precise, how? |
|
izingxenye ezakhayo |
structural
parthoog |
- |
- |
N
pl 10 |
component
parts |
with
a long list at: https://isizulu.net/?izingxenye+ezakhayo: building parts,
constructing parts, producing parts, manufacturing parts, building sections,
constructing sections, producing sections, manufacturing sections, building
halves, constructing halves, producing halves, manufacturing halves |
|
|
mumatha |
contain
(mouth only) |
- |
- |
V |
contain |
example:
'the mouth contains saliva'. Always has to do with something *in* the mouth. |
|
|
onesihlandla emsebenzini |
|
|
|
|
participant |
I
think there is a typo here 1) isihlandla = meaning a term of office =
osenesihlandla emsebenzini 'one who has a single term of office 2) onesandla
emsebenzini = 'one who has a hand in doing something' |
This
is what the dictionary listed (double-checked on whether I made a mistake in
typing; so if it's a typo, it's theirs). Anyway, if we take the latter
correction, then is there a difference semantically in 'having a hand in
doing something' and 'particiapting in something'? |
|
phatha |
|
|
|
V |
contain |
like
in mother holding/carrying the child in her arms. Always has to do with hand
and arms, but they are not completely closed. But if it is in the hand (in
the fist) then it is fumbatha |
skip.
Linking to containers is too broad w.r.t. the narrow meaning. Nad
holding/carrying is too vague as 'container' |
|
qukatha |
containment |
- |
- |
V |
contain |
can
be used for both the physical containment (like laptop in bag) and conceptual
containment like in 'your story contains lies', a book contains words.
IZ.net: contain; hold, comprise; include |
|
|
ucezu |
part |
may
be + or -? |
maybe
+? |
N
sg 11 |
part
broken off |
IZ.net:
bit; fragment; piece, chip; slice |
|
|
ucezu (lwenkulumo) |
|
|
|
N
sg 11 |
part
(of speech) |
|
skip.
Coumpound noun |
|
udengezi |
part,
with extras |
+ |
- |
N
sg |
piece |
shard.
piece of the broken vase/clay pot, and that piece assumed another function |
no
idea how to handle that formally |
|
umhlanganyeli |
refined
participation? |
- |
? |
N
sg 1 |
participant |
?
If Ok = used as in those participarting in an act of assault = -hlanganyela
'to come together to execute something/doing something together'. IZ.net also
says just 'participant' |
I
don't know if it's ok; this is what my dictionary listed :). So umhlanganyeli
is more for, 'x participates in
robbery/stabbing/rape/...'?, or, because it's a noun, the umhlanganyeli is
the role that the participants play in the assualt (the 'x' in the previous
sentence)? |
|
umqobelo |
portion/piece? |
|
|
N
sg 3 |
ingredient |
-qoba
= cut into small pieces. from the verb -qoba = extended verb -qob + el
(APPLICATIVE) -a. IZ.net also says ingredient |
ah,
but is this then, now as noun, still more of a verb-word (the cuting process)
or more of a noun-word (the small pieces)? How would it be used in a
sentence? N SC-y-umqobelo PC-N? |
|
xhumelela |
|
|
|
V |
piece
together |
as
in make a whole from the parts? |
skip?? Making wholes is not a parthood relation. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|