Qualitative trace of the analysis process for part-whole relations and Zulu language and culture

This is currently a copy of the previous sheet, with comments added. expected that at least some of those highlighted in yellow in column H will be removed.

isiZulu

shorthand

temporal to define it?

how part comes about needed?

POS

dictionary item in English

linguist & ontologist notes

-hlakaza

generate parts?

piece

to scatter

skip?? To make parts is not a relation between P and W

skip

-hlakazekile

in parts (was whole)

piece

state of being scattered, as a result from breaking or dispersing a whole. Example: handful of confetti, or the pearls from the broken necklace

skip?? This is more of a relation *among* parts, cf P related to W

skip

-hlangeneyo

component

not sure what to do with this one

skip

-xubene na-

stuffs

may be + or -?

component

IZ.net: be blended; be compounded; be mixed together; be fused; be mingled, be coalesced

-yimvithimvithi

part

in pieces

imvithimvithi. Example: the pieces when the glass shattered. So the act of creating the parts has happened, and this is about a state of affairs

state of affairs of the piece w.r.t. the proken whole?

pieces broken from a whole: whole no longer recognizable

(kulezi) zindawo

regions

LOC

(in these) parts

locative/demonstrative parts of the [some spatial region]

skip??? I can't see a sentence with it

skip

amangcozu

involved in

N pl 5

sections

(btw, can't exist in the singular?). It is a static part. If you are doing something, you're doing it bit by bit. Subtype of involved in??? A sequence of subactivities that are part of the larger activity. Like the activity of typing a word as part of the activity of typing a sentence.

is it really different from involved-in (relating process to sub-process)? In our INLG16 paper, we lumped involved-in tgether with ingxenye

Always in plural = amanconzu meaning a small part of a big whole or part of an entire process = latest comment often used in repetition of the final stem = amanconzuncozu

fumbatha

contain (hand/fist only)

contain

added. See cell D85. enclosed in the hand/fist

hlanganyela

done (collective/group participation)

take part

hlanganyela and hlanganyele are more like variants, so either ok. entry merged with the infiinitive ukuhlanganyela

ibinza

N sg

portion

clarify what sort of portion

small quantity of grain or small group of people

ilunga

part (for anatomy)

N sg 5

member (one of a group)

part of a body/joint = a finger is part of a hand = also take the other senses of 'ilungu'

then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both, but ilunga is somehow 'better'/more precise?

Yes, more precise

ilungu

member (human organisation, not flocks etc)

N sg 5

member (of council)

of parliament/community/family/organization/etc = of being part of an institution or group

imvama

idiomatic sense

N sg 9

the greater part

or: majority, in isizulu.net

skip. Because idomatic rahter than ontology

skip

indima

N sg

share or duty

as in "take part of responsibility". Like he played his part as farther in the responsibility of raising children. It is the expectations associated to the role that are part of the responsibility or duty.

skip, because this does not refer to the part, but to expectations, which is anotehr thing

skip

ingcosana

stuffs

may be + or -?

N sg 9

quantity

isizulu.net: bit; little; small quantity

can the small quantity stand on its own or is it in relation to a larger amount?

yes, it can stand on its own

ingqikithi

essential and immutable part

N sg

the essential part……

indeed as our KR08 understandig of essential parthood and also includes immutable part.

ingxenye

done

N sg 9

part

part, but is also listed under portion in the dictionary. merged ingxenyana with it

iqatha

scattered portion (meat only)

N sg 5

piece of meat

(or chunk or lump, according to IZ.net)

temporal because it must come from a larger piece of meat

Yes

isabelo

regions

may be + or -?

N sg 7

portion

synonym of isigaba. IZ.net: allocation; grant; portion; quota; share

there are all sorts of different things here. Needs clarification

Isabelo is allocation in the sense of a budget. But isigaba is a section.

isichibi

scattered portion (cloth only)

N sg 7?

piece of cloth

isigaba

located in (regions sensu geographic entities)

N sg 7

section

for privinces/districts etc.. Geographical entities/regions. listed for portion and seciton, 3 times. Merged here. see also https://isizulu.net/?isigaba for more approximations

what about those broader meanings beyond geography?

there are other words like isiqephu etc.

isigamu

scattered portion

N sg 7?

portion, piece

piece chopped off or cut off, anything cut short, according to the blue dictionary. listed for piece and portion. Merged here. Not in IZ.net

isihlephu

?scattered portion or scattered part?

maybe +?

N sg 7

piece

piece broken off, but not clear whether that piece will have a function once broken off. IZ.net: fragment; piece; portion

the piece is a self-contained thingie, like, say, the ear of a cup, the seating of a chair? Or could alos be just a chip of the cup (the piece does not have 'identity' as a thing of itself)

The main sense is that isiqephu is a piece that does have an identity (or use) on its own.

isijuqu

part

N sg 7?

part, piece

also listed in 'part of'. as it's the part that remains, it's not the piece. the remainder that stays behind when tearing something off. Has something to do with size as well. Example ilunga yisijuqu semfe. a bunch of ilunga are the subsections of the stem of the sugar cane (imfe), and the top ilunga gets torn off, and the larger remainder of the cane remains. and therefore isijuqu, not ingxenye. listed twice. Is part, not section

so, the 'torn off part of' was part of the whole? Traditionally, parthood does not consider *how* the parts come about, though.

Yes. A part that remains.

isinqamu

scattered portion

N sg 7?

portion…..

example if you break a couple of pages from a larger number of pages. It's not ingxenye, because you have removed it. like in breaking bread. So it is a scattered part (portion). was listed 3 times, with portion mianly, merged here.

isiqephu

done. Portion of solid objects

N sg 7

part, piece

was listed twice, under part and under piece

chapter;episode;seciton in IZ.net

isiqinti

moved to part

N sg 7

piece of land

has some inherent locative aspect, more as a part of a place, rather than piece. Let's move to parts list

how does it related to the whole?

It is a piece of land that is a small part of a big whole.

isithako

subquantity? Portion?

may be + or -?

N sg 7

ingredient, subquantity

"OK" as what? As in 'butter is an ingredient of cake'? And is it always food-related? Can it be used also for, say, 'solvent is an ingredient of paint'? Is it for human-made substances only, or for any substances, like 'sand is an ingredient of mud'? And does it relate only mass nouns, or does it extend also to objects [like: one apple is an ingredient of an apple pie]? also: supposedly 'prescription' https://isizulu.net/?isithako

same questions still, see cell G30

It is an ingredient that has been used to derive a new substance. Food, medicine, paint, chemical, etc.

isitho

part (body parts)

N sg 7

member

(limb). Ok = a body part. Can also mean a big leg (singular) izitho (big legs plural)

then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both,? Nad what about ilunga which one is somehow 'better'/more precise, how?

isitho is used in relation to body parts. It means parts of a human body. The second sense is used metaphorically to refer to big/fat legs. It is used more precisely to refer to parts of human body.

izingxenye ezakhayo

structural parthoog

N pl 10

component parts

with a long list at: https://isizulu.net/?izingxenye+ezakhayo: building parts, constructing parts, producing parts, manufacturing parts, building sections, constructing sections, producing sections, manufacturing sections, building halves, constructing halves, producing halves, manufacturing halves

mumatha

contain (mouth only)

contain

example: 'the mouth contains saliva'. Always has to do with something *in* the mouth.

onesihlandla emsebenzini

participant

I think there is a typo here 1) isihlandla = meaning a term of office = osenesihlandla emsebenzini 'one who has a single term of office 2) onesandla emsebenzini = 'one who has a hand in doing something'

This is what the dictionary listed (double-checked on whether I made a mistake in typing; so if it's a typo, it's theirs). Anyway, if we take the latter correction, then is there a difference semantically in 'having a hand in doing something' and 'particiapting in something'?

Not semantically, no. it is understood to mean the same.

list as synonym

phatha

contain

like in mother holding/carrying the child in her arms. Always has to do with hand and arms, but they are not completely closed. But if it is in the hand (in the fist) then it is fumbatha

skip. Linking to containers is too broad w.r.t. the narrow meaning. Nad holding/carrying is too vague as 'container'

Ok. Skip.

qukatha

containment

contain

can be used for both the physical containment (like laptop in bag) and conceptual containment like in 'your story contains lies', a book contains words. IZ.net: contain; hold, comprise; include

ucezu

part

may be + or -?

maybe +?

N sg 11

part broken off

IZ.net: bit; fragment; piece, chip; slice

ucezu (lwenkulumo)

N sg 11

part (of speech)

skip. Coumpound noun

Ok. Skip.

udengezi

part, with extras

N sg

piece

shard. piece of the broken vase/clay pot, and that piece assumed another function

no idea how to handle that formally

This is the antonymy of isiqephu. While isiqephu has no identiy/or use, udengezi assumes new identity and use as a result of breaking from a whole.

umhlanganyeli

refined participation?

N sg 1

participant

? If Ok = used as in those participarting in an act of assault = -hlanganyela 'to come together to execute something/doing something together'. IZ.net also says just 'participant'

I don't know if it's ok; this is what my dictionary listed :). So umhlanganyeli is more for, 'x participates in robbery/stabbing/rape/...'?, or, because it's a noun, the umhlanganyeli is the role that the participants play in the assualt (the 'x' in the previous sentence)?

It is the participant x in (commiting) an action y

umqobelo

portion/piece?

N sg 3

ingredient

-qoba = cut into small pieces. IZ.net also says ingredient

from the verb -qoba = extended verb -qob + el (APPLICATIVE) -a

ah, but is this then, now as noun, still more of a verb-word (the cuting process) or more of a noun-word (the small pieces)? How would it be used in a sentence? N SC-y-umqobelo PC-N?

It can be used with the copulative. Utamatisi umqobelo wesaladi. "Tomatoes are part of a vegetable salad".

xhumelela

piece together

as in make a whole from the parts?

skip?? Making wholes is not a parthood relation.