Qualitative trace of the analysis process for part-whole relations and Zulu language and culture

List after FOIS2018. The ones in boldface were examined further and the outcomes included in the AO paper

isiZulu

shorthand

temporal to define it?

how part comes about needed?

POS

dictionary item in English

linguist & ontologist notes

Questions resulting from trying to formalise

-xubene na-

stuffs

may be + or -?

component

IZ.net: be blended; be compounded; be mixed together; be fused; be mingled, be coalesced

-yimvithimvithi

part

in pieces

imvithimvithi. Example: the pieces when the glass shattered. So the act of creating the parts has happened, and this is about a state of affairs

state of affairs of the piece w.r.t. the proken whole? No

pieces broken from a whole: whole no longer recognizable

amangcozu

involved in

N pl 5

sections

(btw, can't exist in the singular?). It is a static part. If you are doing something, you're doing it bit by bit. Subtype of involved in??? A sequence of subactivities that are part of the larger activity. Like the activity of typing a word as part of the activity of typing a sentence.

is it really different from involved-in (relating process to sub-process)? In our INLG16 paper, we lumped involved-in tgether with ingxenye

Always in plural = amanconzu meaning a small part of a big whole or part of an entire process = latest comment often used in repetition of the final stem = amanconzuncozu

ilunga

part (for anatomy)

N sg 5

member (one of a group)

part of a body/joint = a finger is part of a hand = also take the other senses of 'ilungu'

then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both, but ilunga is somehow 'better'/more precise?

Yes, more precise

ilungu

member (human organisation, not flocks etc)

N sg 5

member (of council)

of parliament/community/family/organization/etc = of being part of an institution or group

ingqikithi

essential and immutable part

N sg

the essential part……

indeed as our KR08 understandig of essential parthood and also includes immutable part.

isabelo

regions

may be + or -?

N sg 7

portion

synonym of isigaba. IZ.net: allocation; grant; portion; quota; share

there are all sorts of different things here. Needs clarification

Isabelo is allocation in the sense of a budget. But isigaba is a section.

isigamu

scattered portion

N sg 7?

portion, piece

piece chopped off or cut off, anything cut short, according to the blue dictionary. listed for piece and portion. Merged here. Not in IZ.net

isihlephu

scattered part

N sg 7

piece

piece broken off, but not clear whether that piece will have a function once broken off. IZ.net: fragment; piece; portion

the piece is a self-contained thingie, like, say, the ear of a cup, the seating of a chair? Or could alos be just a chip of the cup (the piece does not have 'identity' as a thing of itself)

The main sense is that isihlephu is a piece that does have an identity (or use) on its own.

isijuqu

part

N sg 7?

part, piece

also listed in 'part of'. as it's the part that remains, it's not the piece. the remainder that stays behind when tearing something off. Has something to do with size as well. Example ilunga yisijuqu semfe. a bunch of ilunga are the subsections of the stem of the sugar cane (imfe), and the top ilunga gets torn off, and the larger remainder of the cane remains. and therefore isijuqu, not ingxenye. listed twice. Is part, not section

so, the 'torn off part of' was part of the whole? Traditionally, parthood does not consider *how* the parts come about, though.

Yes. A part that remains.

isinqamu

scattered portion

N sg 7?

portion…..

example if you break a couple of pages from a larger number of pages. It's not ingxenye, because you have removed it. like in breaking bread. So it is a scattered part (portion). was listed 3 times, with portion mianly, merged here.

isiqinti

moved to part

N sg 7

piece of land

has some inherent locative aspect, more as a part of a place, rather than piece. Let's move to parts list

how does it related to the whole?

It is a piece of land that is a small part of a big whole.

isitho

part (body parts)

N sg 7

member

(limb). Ok = a body part. Can also mean a big leg (singular) izitho (big legs plural)

then why not ingxenye here? Or can be both,? Nad what about ilunga which one is somehow 'better'/more precise, how?

isitho is used in relation to body parts. It means parts of a human body. The second sense is used metaphorically to refer to big/fat legs. It is used more precisely to refer to parts of human body.

further: ideantifiable body parts: not, say, 'the left side of your body' but items, such as arm, heart, eye

izingxenye ezakhayo

structural parthoog

N pl 10

component parts

with a long list at: https://isizulu.net/?izingxenye+ezakhayo: building parts, constructing parts, producing parts, manufacturing parts, building sections, constructing sections, producing sections, manufacturing sections, building halves, constructing halves, producing halves, manufacturing halves

qukatha

containment

contain

can be used for both the physical containment (like laptop in bag) and conceptual containment like in 'your story contains lies', a book contains words. IZ.net: contain; hold, comprise; include

ucezu

part

may be + or -?

maybe +?

N sg 11

part broken off

IZ.net: bit; fragment; piece, chip; slice

udengezi

part, with extras

N sg

piece

shard. piece of the broken vase/clay pot, and that piece assumed another function

no idea how to handle that formally

This is the antonymy of isiqephu. While isiqephu has no identiy/or use, udengezi assumes new identity and use as a result of breaking from a whole.

umhlanganyeli

refined participation?

N sg 1

participant

? If Ok = used as in those participarting in an act of assault = -hlanganyela 'to come together to execute something/doing something together'. IZ.net also says just 'participant'

I don't know if it's ok; this is what my dictionary listed :). So umhlanganyeli is more for, 'x participates in robbery/stabbing/rape/...'?, or, because it's a noun, the umhlanganyeli is the role that the participants play in the assualt (the 'x' in the previous sentence)?

It is the participant x in (commiting) an action y

umqobelo

portion/piece

N sg 3

ingredient

-qoba = cut into small pieces. IZ.net also says ingredient

from the verb -qoba = extended verb -qob + el (APPLICATIVE) -a

ah, but is this then, now as noun, still more of a verb-word (the cuting process) or more of a noun-word (the small pieces)? How would it be used in a sentence? N SC-y-umqobelo PC-N?

It can be used with the copulative. Utamatisi umqobelo wesaladi. "Tomatoes are part of a vegetable salad".

so, the object

updated

isithako

subquantity

may be + or -?

N sg 7

ingredient, subquantity

"OK" as what? As in 'butter is an ingredient of cake'? And is it always food-related? Can it be used also for, say, 'solvent is an ingredient of paint'? Is it for human-made substances only, or for any substances, like 'sand is an ingredient of mud'? And does it relate only mass nouns, or does it extend also to objects [like: one apple is an ingredient of an apple pie]? also: supposedly 'prescription' https://isizulu.net/?isithako

same questions still, see cell G30

It is an ingredient that has been used to derive a new substance. Food, medicine, paint, chemical, etc.

always *humanmade* substances? (three of the four examples are, chemical not necessarily, and I suppose you mean with 'chemical' not one of the elements, but it has to be a mixture, like gasoline for the car)

so?

not clear if only human-made. For sure it's a homogeneous mixture only